Green Market.

Design success is not guaranteed.

The success of Airbus, Boeing and their suppliers is that the design of the aircraft they sell is evolutionary not revolutionary.The Comet & Concorde were leaders, & revolutionary but lost money.The A320 and the B737 are evolutionary & wealth creators.

Type certification

The aircraft certification process has been designed for decades to regulate the aircraft manufacturing industry as it exists today. This has enabled civil aviation authorities such as EASA an the FAA to oversee a very robust regulatory system. It may be less stable in the next decade due to lead times required to research, design, manufacturing, maintainance and operations standards, to retrain inspectors, requip maintenance providers and retrain technicians and mechanics. The regulatory organization is likely to look much different than it is today.

Surge in demand.

Companies and Organizations reported a surge in private and public entities signing onto climate action commitments in 2020. This occurred after the UN IPCC (the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) declared 2020 to 2029 as the final window to counteract catastrophic climate damage, Having now declared a commitment, the challenge for them is to successfully deliver on their GHG reduction commitments.
Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHGP) provides standards, guidance, tools and training for business and government to measure and manage climate-warming emissions.The GHGP arose when WRI and WBCSD recognized the need for an international standard for corporate GHG accounting and reporting in the late 1990s. Together with large corporate partners such as BP and General Motors, in 1998 WRI published a report called, “Safe Climate, Sound Business.” It identified an action agenda to address climate change that included the need for standardized measurement of GHG emissions.
Similar initiatives were being discussed at WBCSD. In late 1997, WRI senior managers met with WBCSD officials and an agreement was reached to launch an NGO-business partnership to address standardized methods for GHG accounting. WRI and WBCSD convened a core steering group comprised of members from environmental groups (such as WWF, Pew Center on Global Climate Change, The Energy Research Institute) and industry (such as Norsk Hydro, Tokyo Electric, Shell) to guide the multi-stakeholder standard development process.
The first edition of the Corporate Standard, published in 2001, has been updated with additional guidance that clarifies how companies can measure emissions from electricity and other energy purchases, and account for emissions from throughout their value chains. GHG Protocol also developed a suite of calculation tools to assist companies in calculating their greenhouse gas emissions and measure the benefits of climate change mitigation projects.
The Paris Agreement, adopted within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) in December 2015, commits participating all countries to limit global temperature rise, adapt to changes already occurring, and regularly increase efforts over time. GHG Protocol is developing standards, tools and online training that helps countries and cities track progress towards their climate goals.





GHG Protocol supplies the world's most widely used greenhouse gas accounting standards. The standards below are designed to provide a framework for businesses, governments, and other entities to measure and report their greenhouse gas emissions in ways that support their missions and goals. In 2016, 92% of Fortune 500 companies responding to the CDP used GHG Protocol directly or indirectly through a program based on GHG Protocol. It provides the accounting platform for virtually every corporate GHG reporting program in the world. Product StandardThe Product Standard can be used to understand the full life cycle emissions of a product
 and focus efforts on the greatest GHG reduction opportunities. This is the first step towards more sustainable products.
The popularity of GHG Protocol standards is due in part to the widespread stakeholder outreach and consultation that is facilitated by WRI and WBCSD during each standard development project.The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol. The global standard for GHG emissions accounting, the quantification and disclosure of carbon emissions from scopes 1 and 2 are required, while the inclusion of scope 3 depends on the specific commitment. Each covers a different scope of emissions:• Scope 1: Direct operational emissions including onsite combustion and mobile sources• Scope 2: Indirect operational emissions from purchased electricity and steam• Scope 3: Emissions from upstream and downstream activities that the organization indirectly impacts in its value chain, which are typically the majority of an organization’s total emissions
Each carbon commitment’s target language also varies from net zero to zero or absolute zero. Net zero indicates carbon neutrality by the target date, whereas zero or absolute zero refers to eliminating all emissions, scopes 1, 2, and 3, without the use of carbon offsets.
Purchasing carbon offsets or credits is a common supplemental strategy to the overall carbon reduction plan, and there are best practices to ensure they have the most impact. When accompanied by longer-term carbon removal credits such as renewable energy credits (RECs), virtual power purchase agreements (VPPA), or biogenic removal projects, offsets are a strong component of decarbonization strategy.
HOW WILL ORGANIZATIONS BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE FOR ACHIEVING THEIR CARBON COMMITMENTS?
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